The flu season tends to be in full swing during winter, which coincides with another common viral infection dominating this time of year – norovirus. This highly contagious gastrointestinal disease, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea, has seen a surge in cases during the colder months. But why does norovirus spike during winter, and what can you do to prevent contracting it?
Norovirus, also known as the winter bug, the stomach flu, and viral gastroenteritis, affects an estimated 19 to 21 million people in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The reasons behind the winter norovirus increase are not entirely conclusive, but several factors may play a role:
1. Changes in temperature
Studies suggest that colder temperatures may slow down the viral particles’ inactivation, allowing them more time to spread in the environment.
2. Closed spaces
As people spend more time indoors in winter, the virus remains in crowded places, such as offices, schools, and public transportation, making people more susceptible to infection.
3. Seasonal behavior changes
Social gatherings and traditional holiday feasts in winter, combined with family members coming together, facilitate the transmission of norovirus.
4. Weakened immune systems
Individuals are more likely to catch norovirus during the colder months when the body’s defenses are weakened due to the reduced vitamin D levels resulting from less sun exposure.
To protect yourself and others, follow the primary preventative measures:
1. Maintain proper hygiene
Wash your hands regularly, particularly before and after eating, preparing food, or using the restroom. Use hand sanitizers when soap and water aren’t available.
2. Sanitize surfaces
Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces, such as countertops and utensils that have come into contact with the virus.
3. Avoid cross-contamination
Thoroughly cook seafood and eggs to avoid foodborne illnesses. Keep raw produce separate from ready-to-eat foods.
4. Practice food safety
When traveling or attending gatherings, avoid consuming food from buffets or potlucks, as these communal dishes may have higher risks of cross-contamination.
5. Stay home when sick
If you’re experiencing norovirus symptoms, avoid contact with others and delay travel plans, particularly during the holiday season, to prevent spreading the virus.
6. Vaccinate others
The flu vaccine is not a guaranteed defense against norovirus, but it can help prevent other respiratory illnesses that weaken the immune system, making you more vulnerable to norovirus.
